upper skin layers absorb oxygen directly through the skin surface, not from blood
A malfunction in capillary oxygen transport cannot be the initiator of superficial skin defects such as those in chronic venous incompetence and peripheral arterial occlusive disease, because the upper skin layers are supplied by transdermal oxygen, not blood.
What this means for you
Your skin's outermost layers don't rely on circulation for their oxygen supply — they pull it in from the outside. This means that when ozone is applied transdermally, it can deliver oxygen directly where surface skin health begins, independent of how well your blood vessels are functioning.
The published research
Journal of Physiology (2002), 538.3, pp. 985–994 DOI: 10.1013/jphysiol.2001.013067
· 2002
This page describes a documented finding about the underlying wellness technology. It is not a marketing claim about any specific device. For information about HOCATT specifically, visit hocatt.com.